Semarang handed back from the British to the Netherlands

1814 - 1816

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Caption Bahasa Indonesia

Robert Stewart, the 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (Lord Catlereagh), Foreign Secretary of Britain

Source: National Portrait Gallery St Martin's Place London, painted by: Thomas Lawrence (1769 - 1839).

Hendrik baron Fagel as Dutch's Diplomat

Source: Rkd Images by Charles Howard Hodges , painted by: Charles H. Hodges (1764–1837)

13 August 1814 - The signing of the London Convention or Anglo-Dutch Treaty (Vedrag van Londen) by Robert Stewart (British Royal Party) and Hendrik Fagel (Dutch diplomat). The British agreed to return several Dutch colonial territories, including Semarang and Java, and the British retained power in Malacca.

1816 - The British interregnum over the Dutch East Indies is over; Britain relinquishes the Dutch East Indies to the Netherlands.

The Dutch ships started coming to take over the colonies from the British. The troops assigned from the Netherlands included Elout, Buyskens, and van der Capellen. Each of these troops was mandated by the Dutch High Government such as Elout in charge of the General Commission (Commissie-Generaal), Buyskens in charge of the Dutch East Indies Navy, and van der Capellen in charge of the Commissie alleen als Gouverneur-Generaal or Governor General of the Dutch East Indies. However, the process of handing back British control of the Dutch East Indies to the Dutch did not go well. The British Lieutenant Governor, John Fendall, refused to cooperate until he received orders from the British Colony centre in Calcutta. On 19 August 1816, when the documents for the administrative transfer of British rule in the Dutch East Indies to the Dutch had been completed, Batavia City Hall began raising the tricolour flag (Dutch flag).

March 1824 - The re-signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty (Vegrad van Londen) to legalise the limits of Anglo-Dutch trading activities in Southeast Asia, and end the disputes from both sides. The re-signing of the treaty was due to the British who felt restricted after the signing of the Vedrag van Londen in 1814. The result of the treaty in 1824; the Netherlands got the Dutch East Indies back, and the British got the territories of Malaysia and Singapore along with the coastal routes in those two areas.